Tag: farming

Agricultural History Education & Schooling Exmoor HistoryThroughStories Uncategorized

The School Teacher Speaks Out

In an earlier post we learnt through a report in the Exeter and Plymouth Gazette of 1876 how the school inspector upset the people of North Devon with his ideas for improvement to local education (click on the link here to read how he sought advice from an Exmoor’s Scottish shepherd’s wife).  It is often the written word that gives voice to the past and the records of the Barbrook Mill School Log* give yet another valuable insight into the education of the children of Exmoor: the voice of the school teacher.

The log shows all too clearly the day to day realities facing families and the school age children living in the Hoar Oak Valley as well as the responsibilities and frustrations felt by their teachers.  The claims on the children for potato planting and harvesting, lambing and shearing are made clear.  The impact of bad weather and ill health also takes its toll on the young ‘scholars’ attendance in class. 

The task facing the teacher is unenviable yet these abstracts (transcribed from a selection of entries in the Barbrook Mill School Log for 1872 up to October 1881) show true determination, dedication and willingness to do the very best for these children, many of whom had long journeys to school and often after being up early to do chores at home.

1872

January 8th to 12th  Opened school on Monday with 19 scholars. 

January 15th to 19th  Kept school only on Monday and Tuesday in consequence of illness.  Received six new scholars.

February 12th to 16th  Find the school to be getting into a better working frame,  things appear to go on smoother than at first, but home lessons not being so well attended to as they should be. Took means to remedy the evil..  Gave notice of my intention to hold a sort of Test examination  monthly, the day being the last Tuesday in the month.

March 11th to 15th  Some of the children are making fair progress in reading but others seem to have [got] into a slovenly habit from which it appears difficult to free them.  Geog and Grammar to Higher Standards. Reading Writing and Arithmetic to all.  Attendance rather thin.

March 18th to 22nd  The attendance this week has not improved.  Some of the children who ought to be most regular in their attendance are kept at home to plant potatoes and other such like things. 

May 13th to 17th  Received two new scholars and several who for some weeks have been absent have found their way back again.  Find it takes a little time for such ones to get into working trim. 

October 21st to November 1st  Highest weekly average yet made.  Several lessons to all.  Marked improvement in arithmetic. Received two new scholars.  Progress fair on the whole but the ill effect of the prolonged absence of many are felt.

November 11th to 15th  Weather very dry. Children consequently kept at home to dig potatoes. Fair progress is being made in the work of the Standards throughout.  Sewing on Thursday afternoon instead of Wednesday.  Taught the children to sing “O come come away” 

December 2nd to 6th  The classes have been chiefly at silent work this week in consequence of the teacher suffering from an attack of the quinsy.

December 9th to 13th   Very cold and wet week in consequence of which several of the children have come late in the mornings.  The usual lessons have been given throughout the school.  Made enquiries for C. Ralph and find that he had gone back to Lynton National School in order to be a participator in the Xmas treat there given.

Christmas hols and breaks

1874

February 3rd to 7th Low attendance this week in consequence of the snow storm of Sunday. 

February 17th to 21st  Attendance not so good as last week. Find on enquiry that several of the children are ill.

February 24th to 28th  Very low attendance this week in consequence of the snow storm of Monday.

March 9th to 13th  Small attendance this week because of the severity of the weather and the lambing season.

March 23rd to 27th  Attendance rather thin chiefly in consequence of the children being kept at home to assist in planting potatoes.  The general work of the school continues to make fair progress when the children attend regularly. 

March 31st to April 4th  The work of the school progress favourably.  Arithmetic of Standard II has considerably improved.  Called on the parents of some few of the elder boys who have not made quite the requisite number of attendances to qualify them for examination to ask that they might make the attendances necessary and was promised that they should be sent.

April 7th to 11th  Attendance very thin this week a few of the scholars being sick and others at home planting potatoes and doing other farm work. 

May 2nd to 6th  Fair progress throughout.  Usual school routine.

May 8th to 12th Attendance rather thin.  Several of the children at home weeding corn etc., usual lessons to those present.

June 9th to 13th  Find it requires pretty much tact and energy to get some of the children into working trim and to [get] them well at it.

June 15th to 19th  Attendance still thin.  Sheep shearing being the chief cause of absence.

June 16th to 20th  Very small attendance this week in consequence of sheep shearing etc.  Those present seem to do very fairly on the whole. Dictation seems to be satisfactorily done throughout the school. 

June 26th  Dismissed for summer holidays.

Summary of Inspectors Report 1874

This school has passed a successful examination.  The Arithmetic of the first class is very creditable.  The first standard work is not so good as that of the other.  Singing is very fair. 

July 13th Reopened school after holidays.

August 24th to 28th  Attendance still low in consequence of harvest operations.  Closed school evening in consequence of wife’s fathers illness.  (Master Mr. Veale)

Change of handwriting from this point onwards

September 7th to 11th   Took charge of the school in consequence of former master (who had left on account of his wife’s father’s illness) being unable to return.  Found the school in good working order but arithmetic of first and second standards requiring attention (J.W. Neill)

November 2nd to 6th  Attendance better this week. The bigger boys having returned from potato digging. 

November 30th to December 4th Usual course of lessons. Find it a hard matter to get the children to give the attention they ought to writing. 

1875

February 22nd to 26th  Very thin school owing to snow storms and the severe weather.

March 1st to 5th School is still rather thin owing to severe cold.  The “home lessons” are done very well on the whole.

March 22nd to 26th A rather thin attendance this week in consequence of the children being kept at home to assist in planting potatoes.  Usual work throughout the school.

March 29th to April 2nd  A small 1st class this week, most of the boys are at home planting potatoes etc.  Several have left to go to work for food.

April 19th to 23rd Usual course of lessons, throughout the school. Some  of the scholars read with great[er] ease and fluency than they did a short time back.  The arithmetic and writing on the average are carefully done.

April 26th to 30th Better attendance this week, admitted 3 new scholars.  Notice of the date fixed for Inspection was received on Tuesday.  The children throughout the school seem to make fair progress.  Holiday on Friday afternoon in order that the school might be cleaned.

June 7th to 11th  Small attendance this week owing to the wet weather and sickness, several children being absent with the whooping cough.  Received Inspectors report.

June 14th to 18th  The attendance is still small, sheep shearing has commenced which keeps many from attending.  Sickness also is keeping several at home.

June 21st to 25th  A very thin school. Sheep shearing has been going on all week. 

June  28th to July 1st  Better attendance this week. Sickness still keeps some away. Dismissed for summer holidays. 

Note: transcribing 1876 to 1880 still to be completed

1881

January 24th to 28th 1881  Owing to the consequence of the snow and rough weather school has been extremely thin this week.

February 7th to 11th In consequence of the heavy rain and wind on Monday only 24 children reached school (Average is 40)

March 14th to 18th  The attendance this week has been rather small many are at home on account of it being the lambing season.

April 4th to 8th  Visited on Monday morning by the school attendance officer.  Attendance this week small – average 38.6

August 8th to 12th On Friday the attendance was very small owing to the heavy and incessant rain.  Only 23 children present in the morning and 24 in the afternoon.

August 15th to 19th  Held test examination on Friday morning.

August 29th to September 2nd  Several children absent this week owing to harvest operations having commenced.  Many who have nearly – but not quite – completed their attendances for examination are still away while others who have completed their attendances come very irregularly. 

October 10th to 14th  Barbrook School was inspected on Tuesday October 11th by H.F. Codd Esq.  Three songs were sung by the children viz:  1 The graves of a household  2. Rejoice Rejoice and 3 Dear mother said a little fish.

The titles of these songs are intriguing.  The first sounds terribly sad, the second rather like a hymn and the third appears to be ungrammatical.  All will be revealed in the next blog!

 

*held in the North Devon Records office in Barnstaple  

Posted by Bette Baldwin
Agricultural History Exmoor Heritage History Uncategorized

John Shortland, Chair of the Friends, Discovers Hoar Oak

Forty-nine years ago, as a teenager fresh from school, I stumbled across an Exmoor farm and asked if I could camp for a couple of days.  As the days turned into weeks and then months, I moved into the farmhouse earning my keep labouring.  I thought I had found Paradise and would never leave.  The sudden appearance of my father – “time to get a proper job” –  changed that and, despite my protests, a career in the world of fashion was forged.  However, like so many of us that have been caught in its magic web, Exmoor never released me fully.  At every opportunity, I would rush back to the farm to gradually learn a way of life totally foreign to my Home Counties upbringing.  Many of the tasks I was carrying out had remained virtually unchanged for decades, quite probably centuries.  Over the years that followed I was privileged not just to be welcomed into the farming calendar but also into the social one, sharing times of joy and sometimes sorrow.

Exmoor, with its National Park status, gives the appearance of a place unchanged but this is not a strictly accurate picture.  The landscape is protected but much of the social structure has inevitably altered as the older generations pass away.  As a result, the Exmoor dialect is much less frequently heard and many of the local traditions and tales are in danger of being lost.  It is here where individuals and organisations like the Friends do such valuable work through research and by recording the memories of those that remain.  For example, it is thanks to the Friends that I now know that when, forty plus years ago I walked back to Brendon Barton from the Rockford Inn, and singing lustily (but not tunefully) the Exmoor Hunting Song, that I was following in the footsteps of Abe and Gert Antell, the last of the Hoar Oak residents, as they also sang their way home from the pub.  Writing of those times in a blog led to a request from the Friends for me to read my account of that first visit to Exmoor – captured in a video clip below.  Now I have the great honour of becoming Chair of the Friends. 

Discovering Exmoor literally changed my life: I finally got to follow my dream of working on the land – albeit in horticulture  and in the Cotswolds, another area of outstanding beauty.  Now, as Chair of the Friends, my hope is that in some small way I can give something back to Exmoor and, especially, to the people that love it.  It is those people, whether they live and work on the moor, are visitors, or only know it through the internet, that keep the landscape alive.  And it is through their eyes that the hardy shepherd families of Hoar Oak Cottage, who for generations toiled so hard in their splendid isolation, will live on.

 The tale of John’s discovery of Hoar Oak Cottage in 1968 and of his love of Exmoor can be heard here:

Posted by Bette Baldwin